The aperture and the shutter, and the effects that come from each being finite.
Colour is the family; a dashed line is the second member of it.
The blur disc a point source projects onto the sensor when it is out of focus. Its diameter is what depth-of-field effects actually compute.
Integrates the scene over the shutter interval rather than sampling one instant. Removes temporal aliasing for the same reason spatial supersampling…
Every ray passes through a single point, so the projection is a pure perspective divide. The default camera in rendering because it is the one with n…
Gives the camera an aperture of finite size, so only one distance is in focus and everything else spreads. The cheapest model that produces depth of…